New Bis(thio)-, Tris(thio)-, and Tetrakis(thio)-substituted Quinones from the Reactions of p-Chloranil with Some Thiols and Dithiols

p-Chloranil (1), when reacted with different thiol compounds, namely 1-buthylthiol, cyclohexylthiol, and 2,2-oxydiethanethiol in ethanol in the presence of Na ₂ CO ₃ , yielded the corresponding S-substituted quinone derivatives.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyindole/Poly(vinyl acetate) Conducting Composites

Composites of a polyindole (PIN) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were prepared chemically using FeCl₃ as an oxidant agent in anhydrous media. The composite compositions were altered by varying the indole monomer during preparation. The composites were characterized by FTIR and UV‐visible spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stress‐strain experiments and conductivity measurements. Moreover, the film of PVAc and PIN/PVAc composites were prepared by casting on glass Petri dishes to examine their stress‐strain properties. PIN/PVAc composites are thermally more stable than PIN. It was found that the conductivities of PIN/PVAc composites depend on the indole content in the composites.     

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Dioxime and Its Heterotrinuclear BF2 + Capped Complexes

ω‐Isonitrosoacetophenone 1 Uçan, H. ? and Mirzao?lu, R. 1990. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.‐Org. Chem., 20: 437[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], phenylglyoxime 2 Burakevich, J. V., Lore, A. M. and Volpp, G. P. 1971. J. Org. Chem., 36: 1[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], chlorophenylglyoxime 1 Uçan, H. ? and Mirzao?lu, R. 1990. Synth. React. Inorg. Met.‐Org. Chem., 20: 437[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], dopaminophenylglyoxime 3 Uysal, ?., Co?kun, A., Koç, Z. E., Uçan, M. and Uçan, H. ?. 2007. R. J. Coord. Chem., 33: 351–357. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] and [(salen/saloph)Fe]₂O 4 Kopel, P., Sindelar, Z. and Klicka, R. 1998. Trans. Met. Chem., 23: 139[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] have been synthesized as described in the literature procedure. [Fe(III)(salen/saloph)dopaminophenylglyoxime)] (starting complexes) have been synthesized from dopaminophenylglyoxime and tetradentate schiff bases which contain dinuclear Fe(III) oxygen‐bridges N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salenH₂) and bis(salicylidene)‐o‐phenylenediamine (salophH₂). The new heterotrinuclear complexes have been obtained from starting complexes and Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) salts. Then, heterotrinuclear vic‐dioxime complexes containing BF₂ ⁺ capped have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized as low‐spin distorted octahedral Fe(III) bridged by o‐hydroxyphenolic groups. The o‐hydroxyphenolic groups play a role as bridges for weak antiferromagnetic intramolecular exchange. The structure of dioxime and its complexes were identified by using elemental analysis, ICP‐AES, ¹H‐NMR and IR spectral data.     

The Synthesis and Properties of New Metal-free and Metallophthalocyanines Containing Four Diloop Macrocyclic Moieties

The synthesis and characterization of new metal-free (9) and metal-containing (Zn, Ni or Cu 10, 11, 12) derivatives of a symmetrically octasubstituted phthalocyanine derived from 21,22-dicyano-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12,15,17,18,25,26,28-tetradecahydro[1,4,7,12] benzodioxadithiacyclotetradeceno[6,7-b][1,4,7,10,13]benzopentaoxacyclopentadecene (7), which was synthesized in a multi-step reaction sequence, have been described. The novel compouds have been characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR, UV–vis and MS spectral data.     

Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of a novel proton salt and its Cu(II) complex

A novel proton transfer compound (H₂Ppz)(HDipic)₂ (I) obtained from 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanol (Ppz) and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H₂Dipic) and its Cu(II) complex (H₂Ppz)[Cu(Dipic)₂] · 6H₂O (II) have been prepared and characterized by elemental, spectral (¹H and ¹³C NMR, IR and Uv-Vis) and thermal analyses. Magnetic measurement and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods have also been applied for compound II. The molecular structure of II consists of one 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1,4-diium cation, one bis(pyridinium-2,6-dicarboxylate)Cu(II) anion and six uncoordinated water molecules. In complex II, the copper ion coordinates to two oxygen and one nitrogen atoms of two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate molecules forming an octahedral conformation. Furthermore, the synthesised compounds (I and II) were screened for their antimicrobial activities against Gram (?) (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram (+) (Staphylococcusaureus and Bacillus cereus). The results were reported, discussed and compared with the corresponding starting materials (H₂Dipic and Ppz).     

Synthesis and characterization of chelate polymers containing etheric diphenyl ring in the backbone: thermal,optical, electrochemical,and morphological properties

A novel Schiff base, 4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐[(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino‐5‐nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]phenol (M1) was synthesized from the reaction of 5‐brom‐salicylaldehyde with 4‐nitro‐o‐phenylenediamine. Schiff base–metal complex was synthesized from the reaction of 4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐[(5‐bromo‐2‐ hydroxyphenyl)methylene]amino‐5‐nitrophenyl)iminomethyl]phenol (M1) with copper (II) acetate monohydrate [(CH₃COO)₂ Cu · H₂O] salt. Poly‐ (M1‐Cu‐TDP) was synthesized from the reaction of M1‐Cu with 4,4′‐dithiodiphenol (TDP). Poly(M1‐Cu‐PDP) was synthesized from the reaction of M1‐Cu with 4,4′‐propane‐2,2‐diyldiphenol (PDP). Poly(M1‐Cu‐HDP) was synthesized from the reaction of M1‐Cu with 4,4′‐(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropane‐2,2‐di‐yl)diphenol (HDP). The structures of the synthesized monomer and chelate polymers were confirmed by FT‐IR, UV–Vis, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and elemental analysis. The characterization was made by TGA‐DTA, DSC, size exclusion chromatography, cyclic voltammetry, and solubility tests. Also, surface morphologies of chelate polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Computation of the Macroscopic Tangent for Multiscale Volumetric Homogenization Problems

For the computation of the macroscopic tangent that is required in multiscale volumetric homogenization techniques, two methods are summarized. First, a condensation approach is followed where the linearity of variational terms associated with the penalty enforcement of boundary conditions is explored in order to extract a macroscopic tangent at any stage of the Newton–Raphson iterations of a microstructural testing procedure. As an alternative approach, a second method is explored that requires only the knowledge of infinitesimally close macroscopic deformation states. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Kinetic adsorption of drugs using carbon nanofibers in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids

Two different classes of drugs were selected to test the adsorption capacity of carbon nanofibers as a greener new generation alternative adsorbent in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Kinetics of the promethazine and trimethoprim adsorption were analyzed using Lagergren first order and Pseudo second order models. Intraparticle diffusion graphs were also plotted to discuss the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic data showed the significance of boundary layer effect for both of the drugs and the presence of intraparticle diffusion as the other rate controlling step for the promethazine adsorption. Giles isotherms showed the high affinity of drug molecules to the adsorbent. Maximum adsorption capacity of drugs was calculated using Langmuir model as 18.35 and 41.15 mg/g for trimethoprim and 95.24 and 80.65 mg/g for promethazine in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively. Trimethoprim adsorption was under favor of hydrophobic interaction and π-π dispersion interactions while promethazine adsorption was through cation exchange where the electrostatic attraction is an important force with the contribution of dispersion interactions.